Structural and Distribution of Impurities in the Fouling in Wet-Process Phosphoric Acid at T = 80°C

Yaktine Elyamani; Mohamed EL Guendouzi; Abdellah Elmchaouri; Mohamed Azaroual

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajset.20230801.16

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Structural and Distribution of Impurities in the Fouling in Wet-Process Phosphoric Acid at T = 80°C

Yaktine Elyamani, Mohamed EL Guendouzi, Abdellah Elmchaouri, Mohamed Azaroual

Published in American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology (Volume 8, Issue 1)

Received: 25 January 2023 Accepted: 27 February 2023 Published: 9 March 2023

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Abstract

In this investigation, the mineral deposits formed in the digestion step in wet phosphoric acid production were studied. The mineralogical characterization of the fouling precipitates obtained at the temperature 80°C from the digestion step in 16-monthly production cycle was carried out. Observing successive layers, based on their colors, allowed us to distinguish fouling layers. Detailed structural aspects, and subsequently, chemical and physical properties of the fouling were determined using complementary analytical and characterization techniques. Particle size fractionation was then used to gain each fouling layer sample homogenized on the micro-scale (63μm). The major elements in the fouling were determined to be silica (Si₂O) and sodium (Na). Some chemical elements of major impurities, as well as traces, K, Al, Mg, Fe, Cu, and Zn, were detected using XRF which cannot appear in their proper solid phases. The obtained solid phases in different fouling layers are principally composed of the malladrite and gypsum minerals. The distribution of impurities into the present structures was investigated. Indeed, the mesh parameters of malladrite in the fouling layers were calculated and compared with those of the pure phase, and a good concordance is obtained. The FT-IR spectra confirm the presence of mallardite and gypsum phases and reveal a supplementary band that has been assigned to C-O vibrations in acids, esters, or ethers. The appearance of this band indicates the possible presence of organic matter within the fouling layer.

Published in	American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology (Volume 8, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajset.20230801.16
Page(s)	54-62
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Phosphoric Acid Wet-Process, Fouling Layer, Characterization, Impurities, Mallardite, Gypsum, Organic Matter

References

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APA Style

Yaktine Elyamani, Mohamed EL Guendouzi, Abdellah Elmchaouri, Mohamed Azaroual. (2023). Structural and Distribution of Impurities in the Fouling in Wet-Process Phosphoric Acid at T = 80°C. American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology, 8(1), 54-62. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajset.20230801.16

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ACS Style

Yaktine Elyamani; Mohamed EL Guendouzi; Abdellah Elmchaouri; Mohamed Azaroual. Structural and Distribution of Impurities in the Fouling in Wet-Process Phosphoric Acid at T = 80°C. Am. J. Sci. Eng. Technol. 2023, 8(1), 54-62. doi: 10.11648/j.ajset.20230801.16

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AMA Style

Yaktine Elyamani, Mohamed EL Guendouzi, Abdellah Elmchaouri, Mohamed Azaroual. Structural and Distribution of Impurities in the Fouling in Wet-Process Phosphoric Acid at T = 80°C. Am J Sci Eng Technol. 2023;8(1):54-62. doi: 10.11648/j.ajset.20230801.16

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@article{10.11648/j.ajset.20230801.16,
  author = {Yaktine Elyamani and Mohamed EL Guendouzi and Abdellah Elmchaouri and Mohamed Azaroual},
  title = {Structural and Distribution of Impurities in the Fouling in Wet-Process Phosphoric Acid at T = 80°C},
  journal = {American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {54-62},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajset.20230801.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajset.20230801.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajset.20230801.16},
  abstract = {In this investigation, the mineral deposits formed in the digestion step in wet phosphoric acid production were studied. The mineralogical characterization of the fouling precipitates obtained at the temperature 80°C from the digestion step in 16-monthly production cycle was carried out. Observing successive layers, based on their colors, allowed us to distinguish fouling layers. Detailed structural aspects, and subsequently, chemical and physical properties of the fouling were determined using complementary analytical and characterization techniques. Particle size fractionation was then used to gain each fouling layer sample homogenized on the micro-scale (63μm). The major elements in the fouling were determined to be silica (Si2O) and sodium (Na). Some chemical elements of major impurities, as well as traces, K, Al, Mg, Fe, Cu, and Zn, were detected using XRF which cannot appear in their proper solid phases. The obtained solid phases in different fouling layers are principally composed of the malladrite and gypsum minerals. The distribution of impurities into the present structures was investigated. Indeed, the mesh parameters of malladrite in the fouling layers were calculated and compared with those of the pure phase, and a good concordance is obtained. The FT-IR spectra confirm the presence of mallardite and gypsum phases and reveal a supplementary band that has been assigned to C-O vibrations in acids, esters, or ethers. The appearance of this band indicates the possible presence of organic matter within the fouling layer.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Structural and Distribution of Impurities in the Fouling in Wet-Process Phosphoric Acid at T = 80°C
AU - Yaktine Elyamani
AU - Mohamed EL Guendouzi
AU - Abdellah Elmchaouri
AU - Mohamed Azaroual
Y1 - 2023/03/09
PY - 2023
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajset.20230801.16
DO - 10.11648/j.ajset.20230801.16
T2 - American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology
JF - American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology
JO - American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology
SP - 54
EP - 62
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2578-8353
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajset.20230801.16
AB - In this investigation, the mineral deposits formed in the digestion step in wet phosphoric acid production were studied. The mineralogical characterization of the fouling precipitates obtained at the temperature 80°C from the digestion step in 16-monthly production cycle was carried out. Observing successive layers, based on their colors, allowed us to distinguish fouling layers. Detailed structural aspects, and subsequently, chemical and physical properties of the fouling were determined using complementary analytical and characterization techniques. Particle size fractionation was then used to gain each fouling layer sample homogenized on the micro-scale (63μm). The major elements in the fouling were determined to be silica (Si2O) and sodium (Na). Some chemical elements of major impurities, as well as traces, K, Al, Mg, Fe, Cu, and Zn, were detected using XRF which cannot appear in their proper solid phases. The obtained solid phases in different fouling layers are principally composed of the malladrite and gypsum minerals. The distribution of impurities into the present structures was investigated. Indeed, the mesh parameters of malladrite in the fouling layers were calculated and compared with those of the pure phase, and a good concordance is obtained. The FT-IR spectra confirm the presence of mallardite and gypsum phases and reveal a supplementary band that has been assigned to C-O vibrations in acids, esters, or ethers. The appearance of this band indicates the possible presence of organic matter within the fouling layer.
VL - 8
IS - 1
ER -

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Author Information

Yaktine Elyamani

Laboratory of Chemistry-Physics, Materials & Catalysis, Faculty Sciences Ben Msik, University Hassan II-Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
Mohamed EL Guendouzi

Laboratory of Chemistry-Physics, Materials & Catalysis, Faculty Sciences Ben Msik, University Hassan II-Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
Abdellah Elmchaouri

Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty Science and Technology, University Hassan II-Casablanca, Mohammedia, Morocco
Mohamed Azaroual

CNRS/INSU - BRGM, University of Orléans, Institute of Earth Sciences of Orléans, Orléans, France

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APA Style

Yaktine Elyamani, Mohamed EL Guendouzi, Abdellah Elmchaouri, Mohamed Azaroual. (2023). Structural and Distribution of Impurities in the Fouling in Wet-Process Phosphoric Acid at T = 80°C. American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology, 8(1), 54-62. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajset.20230801.16

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ACS Style

Yaktine Elyamani; Mohamed EL Guendouzi; Abdellah Elmchaouri; Mohamed Azaroual. Structural and Distribution of Impurities in the Fouling in Wet-Process Phosphoric Acid at T = 80°C. Am. J. Sci. Eng. Technol. 2023, 8(1), 54-62. doi: 10.11648/j.ajset.20230801.16

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AMA Style

Yaktine Elyamani, Mohamed EL Guendouzi, Abdellah Elmchaouri, Mohamed Azaroual. Structural and Distribution of Impurities in the Fouling in Wet-Process Phosphoric Acid at T = 80°C. Am J Sci Eng Technol. 2023;8(1):54-62. doi: 10.11648/j.ajset.20230801.16

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@article{10.11648/j.ajset.20230801.16,
  author = {Yaktine Elyamani and Mohamed EL Guendouzi and Abdellah Elmchaouri and Mohamed Azaroual},
  title = {Structural and Distribution of Impurities in the Fouling in Wet-Process Phosphoric Acid at T = 80°C},
  journal = {American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {54-62},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajset.20230801.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajset.20230801.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajset.20230801.16},
  abstract = {In this investigation, the mineral deposits formed in the digestion step in wet phosphoric acid production were studied. The mineralogical characterization of the fouling precipitates obtained at the temperature 80°C from the digestion step in 16-monthly production cycle was carried out. Observing successive layers, based on their colors, allowed us to distinguish fouling layers. Detailed structural aspects, and subsequently, chemical and physical properties of the fouling were determined using complementary analytical and characterization techniques. Particle size fractionation was then used to gain each fouling layer sample homogenized on the micro-scale (63μm). The major elements in the fouling were determined to be silica (Si2O) and sodium (Na). Some chemical elements of major impurities, as well as traces, K, Al, Mg, Fe, Cu, and Zn, were detected using XRF which cannot appear in their proper solid phases. The obtained solid phases in different fouling layers are principally composed of the malladrite and gypsum minerals. The distribution of impurities into the present structures was investigated. Indeed, the mesh parameters of malladrite in the fouling layers were calculated and compared with those of the pure phase, and a good concordance is obtained. The FT-IR spectra confirm the presence of mallardite and gypsum phases and reveal a supplementary band that has been assigned to C-O vibrations in acids, esters, or ethers. The appearance of this band indicates the possible presence of organic matter within the fouling layer.},
 year = {2023}
}

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