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Optimizing the Ceramic Slurry Formulation and Process Conditions for DSW Printing
Zhining Xu,
Hairong Zhang,
Ben Yao,
Jianan Liu,
Liang Yang,
Jianping Shang,
Jingyuan Fan,
Lizhi Ouyang,
Hua-Jun Shawn Fan
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, June 2023
Pages:
71-80
Received:
8 March 2023
Accepted:
27 March 2023
Published:
15 April 2023
Abstract: An 3D printing is a popular additive manufacturing tool that attracts attention from many sectors and direct slurry writing (DSW) printing is a suitable technique for creating functional ceramic material. This study investigates the suitable formula with various additives and binders and the process conditions that influence DSW printing quality. To combine the unique properties of PVP and PEG binders and attapulgite, various ceramic slurry formulas of attapulgite and TiO2 mixture were prepared for direct slurry writing (DSW) printing. Establishing both qualitative and quantitative assessments on the rheological outcomes, the ceramic slurry formula, printing parameter, drying, and sintering conditions, and the binder ratio for ceramic slurries was optimized. The results showed that the most optimal ratio for ceramic slurries is with 10% PVP or 5% PEG binder and the optimal attapulgite:TiO2 ratio is 1:1, which the slurry showed no cracking or deformation when air dried, as well as no collapse and cracking after 900 C sintering. The optimized printing parameters for attapulgite-based ceramic slurry printing layer heights of 0.8 mm, the printing pressure of 0.10 MPa, and the printing speed at 20 mm/S. XRD confirmed that TiO2 is a rutile phase. The stable and less active rutile phase of TiO2 as a photocatalyst is confirmed by the inhibition zone test and growth inhibition assay. SEM results further showed agglomeration of TiO2 after high-temperature sintering. This study lays a foundation for the attapulgite application in DSW printing to take advantage of its large specific surface areas.
Abstract: An 3D printing is a popular additive manufacturing tool that attracts attention from many sectors and direct slurry writing (DSW) printing is a suitable technique for creating functional ceramic material. This study investigates the suitable formula with various additives and binders and the process conditions that influence DSW printing quality. T...
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Meta-Routing Paradigm for Robotic Ad-hoc Networks
Mustafa Ayad,
Richard Voyles
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, June 2023
Pages:
81-96
Received:
14 March 2023
Accepted:
4 April 2023
Published:
15 April 2023
Abstract: With the increasing use of robotic networks, communication issues such as maintaining connections between nodes are becoming more prevalent. While previous routing protocols for wireless networks have been developed, they tend to address routing and link maintenance separately. Consequently, the separation leads to increased costs and delays in network communication. Existing routing protocols typically focus on discovering links, connecting them, finding the most efficient path, and reducing costs associated with the path. However, their limitations have led to the development of a new routing mechanism for robotic networks called Meta-Routing. Meta-Routing builds on existing routing protocols by incorporating regular routing of packets and maintenance of links in mobile agent environments. This approach aims to improve efficiency and reduce routing and link maintenance costs. In addition, meta-Routing seeks to minimize communication path costs and the overhead cost associated with discovering a route, repairing a link, or creating a new communication path among nodes. This paper presents a method for achieving Meta-Routing by controlling robot motion based on recognizing the radio frequency (RF) environment through Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) and gradient descent methods. Simulation results show that Meta-Routing, based on controlling individual robot motion, can provide self-healing capabilities in mobile robot networks, decrease network latency, and improve network performance.
Abstract: With the increasing use of robotic networks, communication issues such as maintaining connections between nodes are becoming more prevalent. While previous routing protocols for wireless networks have been developed, they tend to address routing and link maintenance separately. Consequently, the separation leads to increased costs and delays in net...
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Effect of Different Crushed Stone on Denim & Knit Fabric to Ensure Sustainability
Eanamul Haque Nizam,
Shihab Uddin,
Moniruzzaman,
Arif Reyad Sarker
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, June 2023
Pages:
97-103
Received:
25 March 2023
Accepted:
14 April 2023
Published:
27 April 2023
Abstract: A type of construction aggregate known as crushed stone or angular rock is typically created by mining a suitable rock deposit and then using crushers to reduce the removed rock to the required size. To comply with future sustainability, this study aims to reuse crushed stone in a factory that washes clothing. The research team therefore used crushed stone from Bangladesh (gathered from a washing factory). Crushed stone is recognized globally in 13 (Thirteen) grades. The research team chose purposes 2, 3, and 5 for the final test due to the availability and capacity limitations of washing machine facilities in factories. The variation between the fabric compositions after and before washing was addressed in this study using 06 (six) different types of denim fabric. The results of a test for color fastness to washing, rubbing, perspiration, and a shade variation were conducted after the sample denim fabrics had been cleaned. An ISO standard is followed for every washing machine test. For industrial use, the results were adequate. The research team has, at the end, provided buyers, factory owners, and future crushed stone businessmen with some recommendations that will guarantee sustainability in factories.
Abstract: A type of construction aggregate known as crushed stone or angular rock is typically created by mining a suitable rock deposit and then using crushers to reduce the removed rock to the required size. To comply with future sustainability, this study aims to reuse crushed stone in a factory that washes clothing. The research team therefore used crush...
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Comparative Study of Transfer Functions for NRAD and AGN-201 Reactor Systems
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, June 2023
Pages:
104-109
Received:
16 April 2023
Accepted:
22 May 2023
Published:
31 May 2023
Abstract: The project is about building an infrastructure for an open loop technique and implementing this technique to measure the reactivity worth of small samples. The reactivity samples are allowed to oscillate back and forth in the reactor system to cause perturbations and the corresponding reactor response is measured in the form of the transfer function. The transfer function obtained is used to determine stability characteristics along with other kinetic parameters such as delayed neutron fraction, prompt neutron lifetime, shutdown margins, and absolute power. This paper compares transfer functions for reactors like Neutron Radiography (NRAD) and Aerojet General Nuclear (AGN-201). The magnitude of the transfer function correlates with the reactivity of the sample that caused the perturbation. In addition, the transfer function allows one to determine whether the reactor is a stable system or not. In other words, the reactor’s response to the change in neutron population in the reactor can be easily described. Moreover, a transfer function measurement is useful to extract important kinetic parameters of the reactor system, such as instance prompt neutron generation lifetime, reactivity shutdown margin, absolute power, etc. The transfer function plots presented in the results section correlate the reactivity of the sample that caused perturbations. NRAD was found to have a higher break frequency than that AGN-201. This was an expected result since break frequency is inversely proportional to neutron generation time. With this relation, break frequency was found to be around 306 Hertz. So, the reactor cannot respond beyond this frequency but passes the low frequencies. The corresponding analysis and comparative transfer function plots using MATLAB for these two reactor systems are presented in the results section. Many reactivity measurements have been already in practice however if the transfer function technique can give reactivity measurements with similar or better precision and accuracy, it could be a great benefit. Moreover, this can be installed in those facilities where more complex systems cannot be incorporated easily.
Abstract: The project is about building an infrastructure for an open loop technique and implementing this technique to measure the reactivity worth of small samples. The reactivity samples are allowed to oscillate back and forth in the reactor system to cause perturbations and the corresponding reactor response is measured in the form of the transfer functi...
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Gas Hydrate Treatments in Pipeline Using Locally Sourced Material as Green Inhibitor
Ikeh Lesor,
Onyeso Jackson Alozie
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, June 2023
Pages:
110-118
Received:
21 March 2023
Accepted:
14 April 2023
Published:
10 June 2023
Abstract: Hydrates had been a lengthy-standing issue in the oil and gas sector, causing significant flow assurance problem. It may form obstructions due to the decline in pressure and low temperature in oil and gas pipelines. Its impact can be felt in drilling risers, chokes, killing lines, and preventing blowouts. Hydrate plugging of the pipeline would cost approximately more than $1 million per day. In this work, the development of a local inhibitor for the treatment of hydrate formation in oil and gas pipeline under different conditions were studied using a mini hydrate flow loop. A biodegradable and water-soluble inhibitor (Caricaceae Plant Extract Kinetic Inhibitor, CPEKI) was developed from plant extract of caricaceae plant family that was sourced locally. This was done in order to reduce the cost of importing conventional inhibitors like that of Mono Ethylene Glycol (MEG) and Methanol (MEOH). The experiments were carried out with an initial loop pressure of 150 psi and temperature of 29ºC. Different weight concentration of CPEKI, MEG and MEOH were tested under varying conditions of temperature and pressure. The induction time for hydrate formation and inhibition at different conditions were also recorded. From the results analysis, it was observed that the CPEKI shows a very good inhibitory performance throughout the processes with an optimum concentration of 0.05wt% against MEG and MEOH inhibitors. Similarly, the relationship between pressure and temperature as a function of time also indicates that CPEKI performed very well compared to MEG and MEOH. Consequently, it is confirmed that CPEKI is eco-friendly and cheap and therefore suggested for field trials.
Abstract: Hydrates had been a lengthy-standing issue in the oil and gas sector, causing significant flow assurance problem. It may form obstructions due to the decline in pressure and low temperature in oil and gas pipelines. Its impact can be felt in drilling risers, chokes, killing lines, and preventing blowouts. Hydrate plugging of the pipeline would cost...
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Applied of Visualization Technology in Representation Levels on Vocational High Education
I Made Rajendra,
Ida Ayu Anom Arsani,
M. Yusuf,
I Made Sudana
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, June 2023
Pages:
119-124
Received:
27 May 2023
Accepted:
14 June 2023
Published:
27 June 2023
Abstract: Integration of dynamic visualization technologies in the representation of chemical concepts can help students who are struggling to study and improve student performance. The purpose of this study is to ascertain how dynamic visualization affects the representation of electrochemical subjects. The experimental approach utilized in this work has a matching pretest-posttest control group design and a quasi-experimental design. The research sample consisted of 102 mechanical engineering students who were divided into two groups, namely the control group and the treatment group. While the control group was taught identical chemical ideas using text modules, the experimental group was taught electrochemical principles using text modules coupled with visualization technology. To ensure students' initial performance, a pretest was given to both the control group and the experimental group prior to therapy. A post-test was given to the experimental group and the control group after therapy. Test for differences between the control group and the treatment group using statistical analysis and an independent t test with a significance level of 95%. The analysis's findings revealed a significant difference (p<0.005) between the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group scored higher (82.04) than the control group (73.71) based on the post-test average value. It may be possible to address students' learning challenges and improve student accomplishment by using dynamic visualization technologies in the representation of chemical ideas.
Abstract: Integration of dynamic visualization technologies in the representation of chemical concepts can help students who are struggling to study and improve student performance. The purpose of this study is to ascertain how dynamic visualization affects the representation of electrochemical subjects. The experimental approach utilized in this work has a ...
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