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Performance Analyses of the Eastern Arabic Hand Written Digits Recognition Using Deep Learning
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
57-61
Received:
6 July 2022
Accepted:
20 July 2022
Published:
28 July 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajset.20220703.11
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Abstract: Deep convolutional neural networks are one of the most promising techniques to recognize objects, letters and digits. The recognition of handwritten digits is of great importance in many applications such as digits as password on cell phones, simplifying teaching children numbering systems. The Arabic handwritten digits recognition (AHDR) is an example of using deep learning in recognizing Arabic handwritten digits. The Arabic digits systems or Hindu digits are difficult to process using object recognition due to the similarities of digits to each other, which is totally different from the most popular English language digits as the English numbers are more variant than Arabic numbering systems. The Deep convolutional neural networks techniques have many different layers properties which depends on number of neurons, filter dimensions and strides which are called hyperparameters to achieve higher performance in recognizing the Eastern Arabic digits more than other techniques. The Eastern Arabic digits system has some varieties than other number systems which makes the recognition of handwritten digits are more challenging than other numbering systems. In this paper, multi hidden layers using deep convolutional networks will be applied to Arabic handwritten digits recognition. This technique outperforms other techniques with respect to minimum cost function and maximum accuracy compared to other techniques.
Abstract: Deep convolutional neural networks are one of the most promising techniques to recognize objects, letters and digits. The recognition of handwritten digits is of great importance in many applications such as digits as password on cell phones, simplifying teaching children numbering systems. The Arabic handwritten digits recognition (AHDR) is an exa...
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An Evaluation of the Determinants of Workers’ Remittances: Evidence from Sri Lanka
Thilak Ranjeewa Priyadarshana
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
62-76
Received:
26 May 2022
Accepted:
21 June 2022
Published:
4 August 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajset.20220703.12
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Abstract: Workers’ remittance inflows have historically been a driving force of the Sri Lankan economy. However, the inflow of workers’ remittances contracted significantly in 2021 reflecting the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic and the increased tendency to remit money through informal channels. At the same time, the external sector continues to show the significant vulnerabilities making numerous challenges for the economy. In this context, promoting workers’ remittance inflows to the country is imperative to overcome the heightened external shocks. Also, the importance of workers’ remittances as a steady source of foreign exchange in Sri Lanka has grown among the researchers and the policy makers. In this backdrop, this study aims to examine the macroeconomic determinants of inflow of workers’ remittances in the context of Sri Lanka. The Johansen Cointegration Technique and the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) specified under Vector Auto Regression (VAR) framework were used to estimate the model. The annual data on related macroeconomic variables for the period 1986-2019 were used to conduct the analysis. The results of the study found that the depreciation of domestic currency appeared to be positively correlated with the inflows of workers’ remittance in both long run and short run in Sri Lanka. Moreover, annual departures for migration, domestic deposit rate and world oil prices showed a positive influence on the inflow of workers’ remittances in the long run. The overall outcomes of the study suggest that altruistic and investment motives are considered to be the driving forces for remitting money to Sri Lanka.
Abstract: Workers’ remittance inflows have historically been a driving force of the Sri Lankan economy. However, the inflow of workers’ remittances contracted significantly in 2021 reflecting the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic and the increased tendency to remit money through informal channels. At the same time, the external sector continues to show t...
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Digitalization of Air Insulated High Voltage Disconnectors and Earthing Switches
Mariusz Rohmann,
Dirk Schraeder
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
77-86
Received:
23 June 2022
Accepted:
13 July 2022
Published:
4 August 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajset.20220703.13
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Abstract: The product digitalization is nowadays part of almost any product development, so that the digitalization of air insulated high voltage disconnectors and earthing switches will be introduced. The motivation by consequences for the product installation and maintenance are given and necessary considerations for the different available and required operation methods of the product are included. Possible data sources within the product are categorized and applied use cases are explained. The possible use cases are covering the switching position, counted operations including forecasting and the monitoring of the anti-condensation heating, as simple use cases. Those are complemented by highly beneficial use cases, as the more known and expectable motor current monitoring and the overcurrent allowance, which is driven by the indirect proportionality of a temperature rise at one current value to a temperature rise of a second current value and the resulting quotient of both currents to the same potency, as per IEC TR 62271-306. The overcurrent allowance use case may not be as expectable, since the IEC reference is not directly related to disconnector and earthing switches, and therefore its underlying calculation methodology is explained and elaborated in detail with boundary conditions and its visualization by a case example. The calculated temperature rise factor is introduced and different safety margins are highlighted. Further use cases with information about realization complexity and potential benefits are complementing the product digitalization possibilities and opportunities. Finally, the applied use cases are illustrated by an executed example of a digitalized center break disconnector.
Abstract: The product digitalization is nowadays part of almost any product development, so that the digitalization of air insulated high voltage disconnectors and earthing switches will be introduced. The motivation by consequences for the product installation and maintenance are given and necessary considerations for the different available and required op...
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Study of Microstructure and Properties of Gold Based Brush Materials
Xiumei Shi,
Lei Jiao,
Feng Wang,
Richu Wang,
Xu Liu,
Yuefeng Qi
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
87-91
Received:
3 July 2022
Accepted:
28 July 2022
Published:
15 August 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajset.20220703.14
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Abstract: Electric brushes for aerospace vehicles—conductive rings electrically contact sliding friction pairs, are important power and signal transmission channels for aerospace vehicles. They are key stand-alone products that affect the life and reliability of satellites. In addition to ensuring high reliability in structure, friction pair materials should also select electrical contact materials suitable for space environment. This paper studies the corresponding relationship among the process, performance and organization of AuNi9 brush wire as one of the sliding friction pairs, especially for the process link of key performance changes. AuNi9 alloy was prepared and investigated in order to obtain excellent mechanical properties by optimizing the heat treatment conditions in this paper. The results show that the microstructures of the alloy are mainly composed of α-Au solid solution and A small amount of Au-Ni phase. The strength and hardness of the material continue to increase with the increase of deformation rate, and the strength is basically linear. However, the hardness has a limit value, and even if the deformation rate continues to increase, the hardness does not change significantly. The AuNi9 alloy has obvious aging strengthening phenomenon. When the temperature is kept at 300°C, the hardness increases with the heat treatment. The optimal heat treatment process of AuNi9 alloy is heating at 300°C for 30 minutes.
Abstract: Electric brushes for aerospace vehicles—conductive rings electrically contact sliding friction pairs, are important power and signal transmission channels for aerospace vehicles. They are key stand-alone products that affect the life and reliability of satellites. In addition to ensuring high reliability in structure, friction pair materials should...
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Study of Microstructure and Properties of Gold Based Material for Electric Conductive Slip Ring
Xiumei Shi,
Lei Jiao,
Feng Wang,
RiChu Wang,
Linlin Yuan
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
92-96
Received:
3 July 2022
Accepted:
28 July 2022
Published:
15 August 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajset.20220703.15
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Abstract: The space vehicle is powered by solar panels, and as a key component in the rotation mechanism of the panels, the sliding friction pair is an important power and signal transmission channel for the aircraft. In addition to ensuring high reliability in structure, conductive slip ring materials should also select electrical contact materials suitable for the space environment. In this paper, the corresponding relationship among the preparation process, properties and microstructure of AuAgCu35-5 alloy, which is used as a conductive slip ring, is studied, especially for the process link of key performance changes. AuAgCu35-5 alloy was prepared and investigated in order to obtain excellent mechanical properties by optimizing the heat treatment conditions. Studies have shown that with the increase of processing rate, the mechanical properties (tensile strength, hardness) of the material continue to improve. The relationship between tensile strength and processing rate is essentially linear. The hardness increases linearly with the increase of the machining rate at first, and then remains unchanged. Even though the processing rate continues to increase, the hardness no longer changes significantly. The AuAgCu35-5 alloy has an aging strengthening phenomenon, and the hardness increases when the temperature is kept at 400°C. The optimal heat treatment process of AuAgCu35-5 alloy is heating at 400°C for 30 minutes.
Abstract: The space vehicle is powered by solar panels, and as a key component in the rotation mechanism of the panels, the sliding friction pair is an important power and signal transmission channel for the aircraft. In addition to ensuring high reliability in structure, conductive slip ring materials should also select electrical contact materials suitable...
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Out of Band Reduction on Advanced Modulation for MIMO Radar
Randrianandrasana Marie Emile,
Randriamitantsoa Paul Auguste
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
97-113
Received:
6 July 2022
Accepted:
3 August 2022
Published:
15 August 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajset.20220703.16
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Abstract: This paper presents a system concept of an advanced modulation for Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) radar. Multi-carrier modulation should be used for having efficient bandwidth. In this article, we proposed the modulation used on 5G specially to reduce MIMO radar Out of Band (OOB), to avoid the doppler effect and to beam the wave at a specific angle. The first proposition is the MIMO radar with Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM) modulation, which uses Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) to separate sub-carriers. In the spectrum analyzer, two domains appear: the In Of Band (IOB) for the spectrum efficiency and the Out Of Band (OOB) for not interfering with other frequencies. This article proposes the advanced modulation combined with MIMO Radar. So, the OFDM could be used. For improvement, the Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC) and Filter Bank Multi-Carrier (FBMC) are used. Instead of filter for all band, the UFMC replace filter for each sub-band and the FBMC for each sub-carrier. To improve this OOB reduction on MIMO Radar UFMC, the subdivision of using multiple IFFT permits us to filter this sub-group of IFFT separately and efficiently. The last proposition concerns the MIMO Radar FBMC. In this proposition, all sub-carriers of IFFT used a new filter named PHYsical layer for DYnamic spectrum AccesS (PHYDIAS) which is different from the rectangular filter for the UFMC and OFDM. All theories of the 3 techniques used will be studied in this article. The simulation, result and discussion are released on Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB). The FBMC offers a very small OOB and big IOB, but his inconvenient concerns a complex digital processing indeed on the filter. The UFMC has an acceptable OOB, IOB and digital processing.
Abstract: This paper presents a system concept of an advanced modulation for Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) radar. Multi-carrier modulation should be used for having efficient bandwidth. In this article, we proposed the modulation used on 5G specially to reduce MIMO radar Out of Band (OOB), to avoid the doppler effect and to beam the wave at a specifi...
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Comparison of Sensor Output Because Base Plate Thickness and Shape Change of Piezoelectric Composite Sensor for Long-Term Measurement
Nobuhiro Shimoi,
Kazuhisa Nakasho,
Carlos Cuadra
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
114-120
Received:
23 July 2022
Accepted:
24 August 2022
Published:
31 August 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajset.20220703.17
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Abstract: After strong earthquakes, many steel structures were built with frame welded joints of welded construction and a welded base. Although steel structures are regarded as highly resistant to earthquakes, many were constructed using frame-welded joints of fillet welded construction and welded column bases. These weld joints can have a low capacity to absorb energy during earthquakes. Infrastructure built during the era of high economic growth in Japan is deteriorating. Furthermore, costs pose difficulties because mandatory checking is necessary once every five years. Structural health monitoring for infrastructure maintenance is widely anticipated as new technology. To put such a new sensor to practical use, it is necessary to accumulate measurement data and establish evaluation methods to derive information about the states of structures. As described herein, A development method for sensor measuring displacement is proposed using composite piezoelectric film and glass. Moreover, that is investigated the relationship between the structure displacement and the output voltage from the piezoelectric joint sensor to record the sensor characteristics. Structural analysis was also done to evaluate sensor characteristics and to assess the mechanisms and effects of environmental factors on the structure's response. On the other hand, conducted a similar experiment using a measurement robot and compared the sensor characteristics. Herein, results obtained using the measurement robot (SALLY) for the relation between the output and displacement of piezo compound sensors is explained. The mounting test of the piezo junction sensor used under the optimum conditions for the robot measurement confirmed that the target displacement measurement can be measured from the sensor output by changing the piezo-composite sensor plate thickness.
Abstract: After strong earthquakes, many steel structures were built with frame welded joints of welded construction and a welded base. Although steel structures are regarded as highly resistant to earthquakes, many were constructed using frame-welded joints of fillet welded construction and welded column bases. These weld joints can have a low capacity to a...
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Investigating the Efficacy of Azadirachta Indica (Neem) Leaf on Mild Steel Corrosion in 1M Sulphuric Acid (H2SO4)
Yusuf Bamidele Waidi,
Olisa Yemi Philip
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
121-129
Received:
27 August 2022
Accepted:
13 September 2022
Published:
27 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajset.20220703.18
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Abstract: Numerous failures and losses in the manufacturing and chemical industries have been attributed to corrosion processes. Chemical inhibitors can be used to combat failures brought on by metals that can no longer support the designed load due to corrosion problems. Synthetic inhibitors work well, but they come with drawbacks, including toxicity, disposal issues, lawsuits, and exorbitant costs. To safeguard people, the environment, and money, green inhibitors have gained popularity as partial and full replacements for chemical inhibitors. However, more investigation into the metal-inhibitor-media combination that yields the best results is needed because inhibitors are environment-specific. There are many effects of corrosion, and they are frequently more severe than a mere loss of metal mass when it comes to the equipment's or a structure's ability to work safely, dependably, and efficiently. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Neem leaf's anticorrosion capacity against mild steel corrosion. The experimental work was done using the weight loss method. According to the weight loss values obtained, the corrosion rates drastically increased for the controlled experiment (acidic media without leaf extract), but there was a corresponding drop in corrosion rates when different doses of the leaf extract were added to the acidic medium, indicating that the neem leaf extract was protecting the metal. Corrosion rates tend to decrease as inhibitor concentration rises, with a dose of 0.5g/L achieving the highest level of 86% inhibitory efficiency. The Azadirachta Indica Leaf Extract showed favorable inhibitory effects on mild steel, demonstrating that when used in the proper proportion, it will increase the service life of mild steel in sulphuric acid environments.
Abstract: Numerous failures and losses in the manufacturing and chemical industries have been attributed to corrosion processes. Chemical inhibitors can be used to combat failures brought on by metals that can no longer support the designed load due to corrosion problems. Synthetic inhibitors work well, but they come with drawbacks, including toxicity, dispo...
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